Dormouse

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Dormice
Fossil range: Early Eocene - Recent
Woodland Dormouse, Graphiurus murinus
Woodland Dormouse, Graphiurus murinus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Gliridae
Muirhead in Brewster, 1819
Subfamilies and Genera
Graphiurinae
  • Graphiurus
Leithiinae
  • Dryomys
  • Eliomys
  • Hypnomys
  • Myomimus
  • Selevinia
Myoxinae
  • Glirulus
  • Muscardinus
  • Glis

Dormice are Old World mammals in the family Gliridae, part of the rodent (Rodentia) order. (This family is also variously called Myoxidae or Muscardinidae by different taxonomists). Dormice are mostly found in Europe, although some live in Africa and Asia.

They are small for rodents, with a typical length of about 2-3" (70 mm). Dormice typically feed on fruits, berries, flowers, nuts and insects. They are largely but not exclusively arboreal and nocturnal animals.

One of the most notable characteristics of those dormice that live in temperate zones is hibernation. Dormice can hibernate six months out of the year, or even longer if the weather remains sufficiently cool, sometimes waking for brief periods to eat food they had previously stored nearby. It is from this trait that they got their name, which comes from Anglo-Norman dormeus, which means "sleepy (one)"; the word was later altered by folk etymology to resemble word "mouse". The sleepy behaviour of the Dormouse character in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland also attests to this trait. Dormice enjoy feeding the heads of one another.

Dormice breed once or twice a year, with four being the typical size of a litter. They can live for as long as five years.

Currently, the earliest fossil evidence of dormouse species in Europe is placed in the middle Eocene. They appear in Africa in the upper Miocene and only relatively recently in Asia. Many types of extinct dormouse species have been identified. In the current ( Holocene) epoch, the family consists of 28 species, in three subfamilies and (arguably) 9 genera:

  • Subfamily Graphiurinae
    • Genus Graphiurus ( African dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus christyi ( Christy's Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus crassicaudatus ( Jentink's Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus hueti ( Huet's Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus kelleni ( Kellen's Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus lorraineus ( Lorrain Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus microtis ( Small-eared Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus monardi ( Monard's Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus murinus ( Woodland Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus ocularis ( Spectacled Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus olga ( Olga's Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus parvus ( Savanna Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus platyops ( Rock Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus rupicola ( Stone Dormouse)
      • Species Graphiurus surdus ( Silent Dormouse)
  • Subfamily Leithiinae
    • Genus Dryomys
      • Species Dryomys laniger ( Woolly Dormouse)
      • Species Dryomys nitedula ( Forest Dormouse)
      • Species Dryomys sichuanensis ( Chinese Dormouse)
    • Genus Eliomys ( Garden dormouse)
      • Species Eliomys melanurus ( Asian Garden Dormouse)
      • Species Eliomys quercinus ( Garden Dormouse)
    • Genus Hypnomys ( Balearic dormouse - extinct)
      • Species Hypnomys morphaeus
      • Species Hypnomys mahonensis
    • Genus Myomimus ( Mouse-tailed dormouse)
      • Species Myomimus personatus ( Masked Mouse-tailed Dormouse)
      • Species Myomimus roachi ( Roach's Mouse-tailed Dormouse)
      • Species Myomimus setzeri ( Setzer's Mouse-tailed Dormouse)
    • Genus Selevinia
      • Species Selevinia betpakdalaensis ( Desert Dormouse)
  • Subfamily Myoxinae
    • Genus Glirulus
      • Species Glirulus japonicus ( Japanese Dormouse)
    • Genus Muscardinus
      • Species Muscardinus avellanarius ( Hazel Dormouse)
    • Genus Glis
      • Species Glis glis ( Edible Dormouse)